托福英语语法指南—词性变化
词性混淆误用一直是toeel考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成toeel命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written expression (16—40题)中,命题范围包括
(1)并列结构中词性一致
(2)形容词与副词混淆
(3)形容词与名词混淆
(4)名词与动词混淆
其中,形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点:
1、并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一
全真例题分析
(1) bigness. boastful. and strong. frontiersman mike fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)
[答案] a并列连词and连接三个形容词,故(a)bigness应改为big。
(2) the success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness, speedy ,and maneuverability. (92.10)
[答案] d并列连词and连接三个名词,而speed是形容词,故应改为speed。
(3) regulation of public utilities in the united states is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)
[答案] d并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词,共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词,应改为local。
(4) in middle ages. books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals, real or imagine, that exemplified human traits. (92.5)
[答案] b并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。
2、形容词错用为副词
解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的,而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。
全真例题分析
(1) animal life on prince edward island is confined large to ducks. pheasants. and rabbits (93.5)
[答案]c修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。
(2) the general sherman tree a giant sequoia in california, has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.
[答案] d修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。
(3) because its body is supported by water, the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)
[答案]修饰形容词短语larger than...应用副词形式considerably。