专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十四
test thirtyfour近义词辨析
roughly, approximately, about, around
这组词都可表示在距离、时间、数量等方面“接近，大约”。
roughly
意为“粗略，大约”，经常用来代替approximately或about。该词常含有随便、草率的意味。
approximately
作“近于，接近”讲，表示精确程度非常接近某一标准，其误差极小甚至可忽略不计。
about
作“大约”讲，可与approximately互相使用，但它不如前者那样强调对精确度的接近，但它后面的数或量都是明确的，没有“多少不定”的意思，如，不可说“about more than two”。
around
意为“大约”，有时用于非正式场合，可以代替about或approximately
roughly speaking, i think we are heading for the depression.大体说来，我认为我们正走向萧条。
it was approximately 100°f in the shade.在荫凉处温度约为华氏100度。
there are about 60 people in the room.这房间里大约有60个人。
he went to bed around midnight.他大约半夜才去睡觉。
accumulate, amass
这组词均含有“累积，积聚”的含义。
accumulate
强调一点一点地连续积累，从而积聚成堆。
amass
往往用于价高或量大的积聚。
the accumulated evidence isn’t enough to ensure his conviction.已收集到的证据还不足以给他定罪。
my savings are accumulating interest.我的储蓄不断生息。
fat will be accumulated in your body if you stop doing sports.如果你停止运动，脂肪就会积聚于体内。
a speculator may try to amass great wealth.投机商会想方设法积聚钱财。
assemble, collect, gather
这组词均含有“收集，聚集”的意思。
assemble
指为了一定目的把即将分散的人或物集合为一个整体。
gather
是一般用语，指将分散的东西聚集在一起。用于人时表示“聚集，集中”之意。
collect
与gather通用，指按计划进行收集整理，其对象一般是物，偶尔也用于人，意为“集合”。
assemble your papers and put them in this file.把你的论文收集起来，放在这个文件夹里。
you must gather the students to your side.你必须把学生团结到你这一边来。
people gathered in crowds on the street waiting for the news of victory.人们成群结队地聚集在街上，等待着胜利的消息。
my son likes collecting stamps.我儿子喜欢集邮。
全真模拟试题1. only in the dream world ____ moments of desolation or terror that are worse than anything we have known under the sun.
a. there isb. there arec. is thered. are there
2. would you please ____ spoil any material?
a. notb. not toc. to notd. don’t
3. ____ in physical shape, he dropped out of the university of syracuse.
a. as he was badb. bad as he was
c. bad although he was d. bad though he was
4. i hope you don’t mind me ____ you sir, but is there much money involved in the will?
a. askingb. to askc. askd. that i ask
5. the reason beethoven went away to the country is ____.
a. that he was gradually going deaf
b. because he was gradually going deaf
c. on account of the fact that he was gradually going deaf
d. since he was gradually going deaf
6. “i often feel a sudden fast heart beat when i’m idle.”“you should stop your exercising and need ____”
a.to check your heart
b. to have your heart checked
c. to have checked your heart
d. to be checked your heart
7. when i finish the story, lenin jumped up from his chair and started pacing the floor, ____, deep in thought.
a. with his head bendingb. in his head bent
c. his head bendingd. his head bent
8. but what ____ to define his personality is a driven concentration on his work, compulsive attention to every aspect of creating musicals.
a. seems most b. is mostly
c. is mostd. seems mostly
9. switzerland is ____ a place to indulge in all your favorite winter sports; it’s also a marvellous spot to relax.
a. rather thanb. more than
c. else thand. other than
10. i am lucky ____ the thing i enjoy doing most is ____ i’ve ended up doing.
a. when... thatb. if...what
c. that... whatd. that...that
11. please ____ your voice if you have any questions to ask the chairman.
a. riseb. raisec. liftd. enlarge
12. owen obviously had no ____ of doing any work that day, although it was only a week before the english test.
a. ambitionb. desirec. intentiond. wish
13. the national gallery in london has more visitors than ____any other because of its free admission.
a. practicallyb. reallyc. actuallyd. completely
14. on that bitterly cold winter night , few people walked along the ______ narrow streets.
a. lonelyb. neglectedc. desertedd. isolated
15. if you keep gettingwrong numbers, your phone could be ____.
a. defectiveb. ineffectivec. deficientd. deceptive
16. mr.johnson had a terrible cold and could not stop ____.
a. yawningb. sighingc. sneezingd. spitting
17. the chairman asked the members to ____ their votes for or against the proposal.
a. castb. throwc. bidd. offer
18. she was barred from the golf club for refusing to ____with the request.
a. conformb. adherec. abided. comply
19. she always ____ the smell of fresh bread with her aunt, who loved baking.
a. associatedb. connectedc. attributedd. contributed
20. even when the strike was over, and the wages dispute had been ______ , it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely.
a. settledb. evenedc. calmedd. relieved
21. she was paid by the hour, and she managed to keep her family with herpitiful____.
a. salaryb. wagesc. stipendd. payment
22. a plane is a ____ and so is a car.
a. transportb. drivec. vehicled. carriage
23. tony was in plain clothes, watching for a ____ character at london airport all night.
a. suspiciousb. suspectc. susceptibled. doubtful
24. at first she thought he was joking. it took jason twenty minutes to convince her that he was ____.
a. earnestb. realc. genuined. serious
25. you may even become a head waiter eventually. if you have the rightsortof ____ and are not afraid of hard work.
a. natureb. personalityc. temperd. character
试题答案与解析
1． d)【句意】只有在梦乡世界才有比人世间任何东西都遭的荒凉或恐怖时刻。
【难点】only 引导倒装句，主语moments 是复数，所以选d)。
2． a)【句意】你不毁坏东西不好吗?
【难点】would you please 句型的否定式要在please后加not，not 后使用动词原形。
3． a)【句意】由于身体不好，他从塞路克斯大学辍学了。
【难点】as he was bad 是原因状语从句，as 是“因为”的意思。bad as he was 是一个让步状语从句，采用的是半倒装形式，意为“尽管他很糟”。c)和d)两项不成立。
4． a)【句意】我希望你不要介意我问你一个问题，遗嘱里涉及钱的问题了吗？
【难点】mind 后接动名词或物主代词加动名词或者人称代词加动名词。
5． a)【句意】贝多芬去乡下的原因是他正在逐渐变聋。
【难点】如果主语是reason，那么后面作表语的从句应由that引导。
6． b)【句意】“我闲着没事的时候，常感觉心脏跳得特厉害。”“你应该停止锻炼，检查一下心脏。”
【难点】need 在本句中作实义动词，后接动词不定式。have sth done 是一个常用的使动结构。
7． d)【句意】我讲完故事后，列宁从椅子上跳了起来，开始在屋子里踱来踱去,低着头，陷入沉思。
【难点】his head bent 是独立结构， his head 是逻辑主语，bent 是逻辑谓语。
8． a)【句意】但似乎最能解释他人格的东西是，工作注意力集中是被迫的，注意创作音乐剧的每个方面也是被迫的。
【难点】seem后加不定式to do 是seem 的用法之一。most和mostly 不同，most 是最高级，表示程度，而mostly意思是“主要地，大部分地，多半；通常”。全句的主语是what 引导的what从句。
9． b)【句意】瑞士不仅仅是一个能使人沉湎于你最喜爱的冬季体育运动的地方，而且是一个休闲娱乐的风景地。
【难点】more than 意为“不仅仅”；rather than 意为“而不是”；else than 不是固定搭配；other than意为“除了”。
10． c)【句意】我很幸运，我最喜欢做的事是我已不再做的事。
【难点】i’m lucky 后接that 从句作宾语；宾语从句中的主语是the thing， the thing 后是定语从句;宾语从句中的表语是what引导的what从句。
11． b)【句意】如果有问题要问主席，请大点声。
【难点】raise意为“提高；增大；提升”，是及物动词；rise意为“上升”，是个不及物动词；lift意为“提高；提高…的地位”，主要指的是提起一重物；enlarge 意为“扩大，扩展，扩充”。
12． c)【句意】尽管距离英语考试只有一周时间，那天欧文还是明显地没有做任何工作的意图。
【难点】intention意为“意图，目的”，常用于the intention of doing sth 的结构中；ambition意为“雄心，野心”；desire意为“愿望，欲望，渴望”，后常接动词不定式作定语；wish 意为“希望，想要”，但和desire有所不同。wish 和 desire辨析wish 常用于主观愿望或难以实现或不可能实现的愿望；desire强调主观愿望的迫切性，系书面语，用于正式场合或文章中，有尽力争取或需要尽力争取之意。
13． a)【句意】由于不收门票，伦敦国家美术馆比任何其它美术馆接纳的来访者都多。
【难点】practically 意为“几乎，差不多”；really 意为“很，十分；全然”；actually 意为“实际上”;completely意为“完全地，完整地”。
14． c)【句意】在那个寒冷的冬夜，很少有人在这空无一人的窄巷上行走。
【难点】deserted 意为“无人居住的，空无一人的”;lonely意为“寂寞的”；neglected意为“被忽视的，被忽略的”;isolated意为“隔离的，分离的，孤立的”。
15． a)【句意】如果总有人打错你家电话，你的电话可能有毛病。
【难点】defective意为“有毛病的，有缺陷的”；ineffective 意为“无效的，无效果的”；deficient意为“缺乏的，不足的”，常指量的不足，不够;deceptive意为“骗人的”。
16． c)【句意】约翰逊先生得了重感冒，不停地打喷嚏。
【难点】sneeze 意为“打喷嚏”；yawn意为“打哈欠”；sigh意为“叹气，叹息”；spit 意为“吐痰，吐唾沫”。
17． a)【句意】主席请各位成员投票表示赞成或反对这个提议。
【难点】cast 意为“投，掷，扔”, cast votes 意为“投票”；bid 意为“喊价，出价”，是拍买和投标用语; throw 意为“投，掷，扔”；offer意为“出价，开价，报价”。throw 和cast 辨析：throw 指用手臂突然用力把某物向一定目标扔去。cast指用手向下把某物向一定目标抛去，一般投掷的东西较轻，并常用于比喻。
18． d)【句意】她因拒绝服从要求而被高尔夫俱乐部开除。
【难点】comply 意为“遵从，依从，顺从”，后接with； conform 意为“遵照，适应”，后接介词to； adhere 意为“坚持，遵守”，后接介词to；abide 后接by 意为“遵守，信守”。
19． a)【句意】她总是把鲜面包味与她婶婶联系起来，她婶婶很喜欢烤面包。
【难点】associate意为“（在思想上）把…联系在一起”，后常与with 连用；connect 意为“联接；联系”，指联系有形的物体；attribute意为“把归因于；把（过错等）归于”，后接介词 to； contribute 意为“捐款，捐助”。
20． a)【句意】即使在罢工结束、工资纠纷得到解决之后，还要花几星期时间这个国家才能清理干净。
【难点】settle 意为“解决（纠纷等）；even意为“使平衡；拉平（比分）”； calm意为“使平静，使宁静，使镇定”； relieve 意为“缓解，减轻，解除，使解脱”。
21． b)【句意】她做钟点工，但还是能够以她微薄的工资养家。
【难点】wage 意为“工资”，常作复数使用；salary 意为“薪水，薪金”；stipend意为“（牧师、教师、公职人员等）薪奉，生活津贴”；payment意为“支付，付款”。
wages 和salary 辨析：wages 主要指以月，小时或计件为单位付薪的劳动收入，尤指每周或每两周付给的劳动（多是体力劳动）报酬。
salary 指固定年薪，常为一个月或更长时间付一次，且一般指职员，脑力劳动者的薪金。
22． c)【句意】飞机是运载机器，小汽车也是。
【难点】vehicle 意为“车辆，机动车，飞行器；运载器”；transport 意为“运输，交通”；drive意为“私人车道；（公园里的）车行道”； carriage意为“四轮马车，火车车厢”。
23． a)【句意】托尼身着便衣，整夜在伦敦机场监视一个可疑人物。
【难点】suspicious意为“令人怀疑的，可疑的”；suspect是名词，意为“嫌疑犯”；susceptible意为“敏感的，过敏的”，后接介词to;doubtful 意为“疑惑的，怀疑的”，常与about, of 连用，一般不修饰名词。
24． d)【句意】一开始她以为他开玩笑。杰森用了二十分钟才叫她相信他是认真的。
【难点】serious 意为“认真的；当真的”；earnest 意为“热切的，迫切的”；real 意为“真的，真正的”；genuine意为“真的；非人造的”。serious 指的是说话态度的认真，一本正经。real 和genuine辨析：real一般指真实或表里一致的事物，强调真实性。genuine表示某物本身质地是真的，纯粹的，不是假的或伪造的。
25． b)【句意】如果你人品好，不怕累，不怕苦，你最后有可能成为领班。
【难点】personality 意为“人格，个性”； nature 意为“天性，本性，性情”；temper 意为“心情，情绪，脾气”；character 意为“品德，品质，性格”，一般用于a man of good character这类词组中。
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