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专业四级考前恶补—语法词汇(三)

 形容词层迭修饰时的顺序
 几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时,其词序一般按下列顺序排列:限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词→名词中心词。例如:
 the town's charming old english church
 a wellknown german medical school
 the man's first two interesting little red french oil paintings
 近义词辨析
 bother, disturb, trouble, worry
 这组词均含有“不停地烦扰他人或搞得某人心神不宁”的意思。
 bother  和disturb常用于主动和被动两种形式中。用于被动时,bother指常受到时有时无的小事的烦扰。用于主动时,bother的意思比disturb强,带有故意打扰他人的意思。
 if you return me the book, i will stop bothering you.你归还我的书后,
 我就不打扰你了。
 disturb用于被动形式时,意思比bother强烈,有时甚至可指精神错乱。用在主动形式时,意思最弱,指某人无意中打扰他人,这种打扰行为并非存心冲着他人去的。the man was mentally disturbed.这个人精神错乱了。
 trouble和worry主要用于被动,指被某事搞得心神不宁。
 trouble比worry稍正式些,指麻烦别人一件事而影响他人舒适、方便、效率、健康或心境的平静等。
 may i trouble you for the book?麻烦您把书递给我好吗?
 worry
 主要指因对某事的结果没有把握而焦虑不安,还可指某人沉浸在软弱无助的情绪或思虑中。
 worrying about your health can make you sick.经常担心你的健康,会使你生病的。
 全真模拟试题
 1. it's not fair that you come home after a  bad day at work a
 nd ____ your wife and children.
 a. take it out on    b. take out it on   
 c. take out on    d. take on it with
 2. she put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that ____.
 a. he catches cold    b. he should catch cold   
 c. he caught cold    d. he be catching cold
 3. our teacher recommended that we ____ as attentive
 as possible when we visit the museum.
 a. are     b. shall be     c. be  d.were
 4. you ____ business interfering with my affairs.
 a. have none    b. have no
 c. have none of  the d. have nothing like
 5. the new cut in interest rate ____ promote domestic
 investment.
 a. means to b. directs toward
 c. is meant to    d. leads to
 6. advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers
 ____ to increase the sales of industrial products.
 a.have been used  b. will be used   
 c. is being used d. has been used
 7. while being questioned on the court, the man denied ____
 the old lady's necklace.
 a. having taken  b. taking
 c. to have taken d. to take
 8. dr. park was accused ____ the patient with overdose of slee
 ping pills so that the patient's life was terminated before the expected time.
 a.of providing  b. with providing
 c. to have provided   d. to provide
 9. by the end of next month we ____ this assignment.
 
 a. will finish b. will be finishing
 c. will have finished  d. have finished
 10. we will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours ____ miracle.
 a.is working b. works
 c. will be working d. worked
 11. it was dark in the cave so she ____ a match.
 a. struck  b. hit  c. fired  d. burned
 12. mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ____ with a cold.
 a. laid out   b. laid up  c. laid by   d. laid down
 13. she often says her greatest happiness ____ serving the handicapped children.
 a.relies on b. consists in
 c. composes of d. comprises in
 14. to make this ____ clear we shall have to look clo
 sely into biology's long history.
 a.distinction  b. indication     c. recognition    d. constitution
 15. most importantly, such an experience helps ____ a heightened sensitivity to
 other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one's own culture as well.
 a. coach    b. forsake  c. foster   d.censor
 16. when ann broke the dish she tried to put the  ____
 back together.
 a. fragments  b. pieces  c. bits     d. slices
 17. jane tried to ____ the doorman with money, but she failed.
 a. bribe   b. corrupt  c. award  d. endow
 18. classification is a useful ____ to the organizati
 on of knowledge in any field.
 a. means  b. approach  c. mode   d. manner
 19. the human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow ____
 to environmental threats.
 a. response  b. responsibility
 c. resolution d. resistance
 20. we have a high regard for prof. joseph because he always ____
 his principles.
 a. lives on  b. lives up to
 c. lives through d. lives with
 21. my grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the house.
 a.put   b. took  c.set     d. got
 22. we enjoyed the holiday ____ the expense.
 a.except  b. besides
 c. in addition to  d. except for
 23. if you want children to work hard you must ____ their interests instead of their sense of duty.
 a. appeal to   b. look into  c. give rise to  d. go in for
 24. basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or proc
 esses ____ in the same way as human hand or arm.
 a. characters b. components
 c.catalogues d. collections
 25. of course, talking about something which affects them personally is
 ____  motivating for students.
 a. chiefly    b. correctly  c. currently  d. eminently
 试题答案与解析  
 1. a)   【句意】  白天的工作不顺心,回到家里
 拿老婆孩子出气,这是不公平的。
 【难点】  take it out on sb. 意为“拿某人出气”,其中it是无人称代
 词,无所指,这是一个固定的结构。
 2. b)   【句意】  由于害怕孩子感冒,她在孩子
 身上又盖了一条毯子。
 【难点】  for fear that 后接虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形。
 3. c)    【句意】  我们的教师建议我们参观博物
 馆的时候注意力应尽可能集中。
 【难点】  recommend,command ,suggest 等词后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
 4. b)   【句意】  你没有权力干涉我们的事情。
 【难点】  have no business doing /to do something 意为“没有权力,没有理由做某事“
 5. c)   【句意】  利率再次下调旨在促进国内投资。
 【难点】  be meant to do 意为“旨在做 ”;mean to do 意为“打算做,企图做“;lead to 意为”导致“,后接名词。
 6. a)   【句意】  像直接邮件、无线电、电视和报纸这样的广告媒介一直被用来促进工业品的销售。
 【难点】  根据句意,应用完成时的被动语态,media 是medium 的复数形式。
 7. a)    【句意】  法庭传训他的时候,他否认拿了老太太的项链。
 【难点】  deny后需接动名词,由于动作是过去发生的,所以选a),动名词的完成式。
 8. a)   【句意】  帕克大夫被指控向患者提供过量的安眠药,结果造成病人在预期的时间前死亡。
 【难点】  be accused of 是个常见的词组,意为“被控有…罪”。
 
 9. c)   【句意】  到下月底,我将完成这项任务。
 【难点】  by the end of next month (year)是将来完成时的典型状语,故选c)。
 10. b)   【句意】  除非你的新经济计划创造奇迹,否则我们将赔钱。
 【难点】  unless 引导条件状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来。
 11. a)   【句意】  岩洞里很黑,她燃着了一根火柴。
 【难点】  strike 意为“擦(火柴)”,其它几个词不能和matches搭配。
 12. b)   【句意】  玛丽不能来参加生日晚会了,
 因为她患了感冒,卧床在家。
 【难点】  lay up 意为“因痛(或伤残)卧床”,常用被动语态; lay out 意为“摆出,展开”;lay by 意为“储存”;lay down意为“牺牲,献出”。
 13. b)   【句意】  她常说她最大的快乐在于为残
 疾儿童服务。
 【难点】  consist in 意为“在于,存在于”;rely on 意为“依靠,依赖”;be composed of 意为“由…构成”;comprise 意为“由…组成;构成”。
 14. a)   【句意】  为了搞清楚这一差别,我们必须认真地审视一下生物学发展的漫长历史。
 【难点】  distinction意为“区别;差异”;indication意为“标示,迹象”;recognition意为“(正式的)承认,认可,认知”;constitution意为“宪法,体制”。
 15. c)   【句意】  最重要的是,这样的经历能促
 进人们对其它文化的感受性,并使他们更欣赏自己的文化。
 【难点】  foster意为“培养,促进,助长”;coach意为“训练,指导”;forsake意为“遗弃,抛弃”;censor意为“审查,检查”。
 16. a)   【句意】  安把盘子打碎后,想把碎片再合在一起。
 【难点】  fragment 意为“碎片,碎块”;piece意为“块,片”;bit意为“小片;小段”;slice意为“薄片;切片”。
 17. a)   【句意】  简企图用钱贿赂看门人,但失败了。
 【难点】  bribe 意为“收买;行贿”;corrupt意为“腐蚀,使堕落”;award意为“授予(奖品等);给予”;endow意为“资助,捐赠”。
 18. b)   【句意】  分类是组织任何领域知识内容的有效方式。
 【难点】  approach作“方式,方法;态度”讲时,后接介词to,其它几个词没有这种用法。
 19. a)   【句意】  人类已为他们对环境威胁作出的迟缓反应付出了重大代价。
 【难点】  response意为“反应”后接介词to ;responsibility意为“责任”;resolution意为“决心,决定”;resistance意为“抵抗”。
 20. b)   【句意】  我们十分尊重约瑟夫教授,因为他总是信守原则。
 【难点】  live up to 意为“遵守,实践(诺言,原则)”;live on 意为“以…
 为生“;live through意为”度过,经历过“;live with 意为”忍受;容忍“。
 21. c)   【句意】  我爷爷不小心放火烧着了房子。
 【难点】  词组set fire to 意为“点燃,使燃烧”。
 22. d)   【句意】  除了花很多钱外,我们的假期很愉快。
 【难点】  except指的是除去同类的事物,且常用于否定句;besides是包含在内的,除了;in addition to 也是包括在内;except for 是除了不同类的事物。
 23. a)   【句意】  如果你要孩子们努力学习,你必须唤起他们的兴趣而不是责任感。
 【难点】  appeal to 意为“有感染力,有吸引力”;look into 意为“调查,观
 察“;give rise to意为”引起,导致“;go in for意为”爱好;从事,参与“。
 24. b)   【句意】  机器人基本上是一台机器,它
 能像人的手臂一样移动、操纵、结合或加工零件。
 【难点】  component意为“零件;成分”;character 意为“特性;人格”;catalogue意为“目录”;collection意为”收集“。
 25. d)   【句意】  当然,谈论一些影响学生个性的事对他们是非常有积极作用的。
 【难点】  emine
 ntly 意为“突出地;明显地”;chiefly意为“主要地;大部分”;correctly意为“正确地”,currently意为“现时,当前”。