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专业四级考前恶补语法词汇-1-


集体名词作主语主谓一致

1)通常作复数的集体名词
集体名词,如:police, people,cattle,militia,poultry等,
通常作复数,用复数动词。如:
domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.
2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
有些集体名词,如foliage,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。例如:all the machinery in the factory is made in china.
3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词

集体名词,如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。
the city council is meeting to set its agenda.
4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词
如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。例如:
a committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
近义词辨析
tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。来源:www..com
tired 可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted 表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
the exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued  所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。
he felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪,不想说一句话。
weary  语气比tired强,指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
after a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后,飞机终于来接他们回去了。
worn out这个词不太正式,多用于口语。来源:www..com
the troops were wornout after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
全真模拟试题
1. although ______ spanish, he attended the course.
a. he was knowing       b. he is knowing
c. having a knowledge of   d. knows
2. you ______that letter to james. however, you didn’t.
a. ought to write         b. ought to have written
c. should write d. should be writing
3. joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.
a. to escape   b. to have escaped
c. to escaping   d. to be escaping
4. bread and butter ______liked by westerners.
a. is       b. are       c. were     d. be
5. the back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______very pleasant to sit on in summer.
a. which is   b. which it is   c. it is   d.  where it is
6. he set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.
a. in   b.  of   c.  on   d. by来源:www..com
7. john’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______last night.
a. must study  b. should have studied
c. must have studied  d. is sure to study
8. frank almost never received any education, ______?
a. would he   b. did he
c. didn’t he   d. wouldn’t he来源:www..com
9.  even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______too late to do anything.
a.  will arrive...is  b.  should arrive...were
c.  arrives...will be   d.  arrives...would be
10. we can hear  ______from the back of the room.
a. just as good   b.  just as easy  
c.  just as well   d.  easily as well
11. to obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______of paint on a clean surface.
a.  coats   b. levels   c.  times   d. courses
12. the small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month.
a. cut back   b.  cut out
c.  cut off   d. cut away
13.  miss green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.
a. fined   b.  charged   c.  punished   d.  posed
14.  modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.
a. technique b.  technology
c. tactics d.  tendency
15. mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to  sleep.
a. sounding   b. ringing   c. ticking   d. humming

c. fallen through   d. knocked out
19.   the beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists.
a. condition   b. situation   c. state   d. publicity
20. our ______ sensitivity decreases with age. by age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to  smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.
a. sensible   b. senseless 
c. sensitive   d. sensory来源:www..com
21. the eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants.
a. wasted   b. spoiled
c. destroyed d.  uneducated
22.  if a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______ a gas.
a. give into   b. give over
c. give off   d. give away
试题答案与解析
1. c) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
【难点】know是静态动词,不能用于进行时;选knows从句中又缺少主语。knowledge作“知识”讲时是不可数名词,但作“了解”讲时,前面可加“a”,常用于词组have a knowledge of中,所以选c)。
2. b) 【句意】你本应该给詹姆斯写信,然而,你没写。
【难点】ought to have written是虚拟语气,与本句句意相符。
3. b) 【句意】约瑟夫幸运地逃了性命;他险些没从房间里逃出来。
【难点】to have escaped 是不定式的完成式,表示过去的某一动作业已完成。
4. a) 【句意】黄油面包受西方人青睐。来源:www..com
【难点】bread and butter 是西方人吃的一种食品,虽然有三个字,表达的却是一个东西,并且是不可数名词,作单数。
5. a) 【句意】我家的后花园有一片草坪,夏天坐在上面会令你心旷神怡。
【难点】which引出非限制性定语从句,在句中作主语,且和sit on 构成动宾关系。类似的句子有:this room is comfortable to live in 这句中live in 和this room构成动宾关系。
6. c) 【句意】他独自一人开始经商,并且做得很成功。
【难点】on one’s own 是个常用的介词词组,意为“独自”;of one’s own表示“某人自己的(东西)”,如:i have a flat of my own.我自己有套房子。
7. c) 【句意】约翰的考试分数全班最高;他昨天晚上一定学习了。来源:www..com
【难点】表示对过去某一动作行为的猜测须要用must have done这一句型结构。
8. b) 【句意】弗兰克几乎从未受过任何教育,是不是?
【难点】这是一句含有否定副词never的一般过去时的句子,由于主句为否定形式,所以反意问句用肯定形式。

9. c) 【句意】即使他的信明天到也无济于事了。
【难点】在条件句中表示现在将来的时间,需要用一般现在时,主句中使用将来时。
10. c) 【句意】我们在房间的后面也能听得很清楚。
【难点】as well意为“(程度)同样地好”,是副词短语修饰动词hear;just表示程度,意为“刚好”。
11. a) 【句意】为获得一个满意的结果,你必须在一个干净的表面上涂两层油漆。
【难点】coat意为“覆盖物,层”;level意为“(建筑物)楼层”;times意为“次,回”;courses意为“(一层)砖面;一排”。
12. c) 【句意】这个小山村被大雪封住达一个多月。
【难点】cut back意为“削减;缩减”;cut out意为“停止;切下”;cut off意为“切断;使隔断”;cut away意为“切除;砍掉”。
13. a) 【句意】格林小姐因酒后驾车被罚100美元。
【难点】fine意为“处…以罚金”;charge意为“要(价),收(费),要(人)支付(钱)”;punish意为“罚,惩罚”;pose意为“造成,引起(困难)”。
14. b) 【句意】现代技术所引发的问题也许比它所能解决的要多。来源:www..com
【难点】technique意为“技法;具体的技术”;technology意为“工业技术”;tactics意为“战术,兵法,策略”;tendency意为“倾向”。
15. c) 【句意】玛丽蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了,因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴哒地响。
【难点】sound意为“作声,发声,响”;ring意为“鸣,发出清脆响亮的声音”;tick意为“发出滴哒声”;hum意为“发连续低沉的声音(如蜜蜂、马达的嗡嗡声)”。
16. c) 【句意】在这种强大的压力下,一些岩石甚至变成了液体。来源:www..com
【难点】intensive意为“加强的;集中的”;weighty意为“沉重的;笨重的”;intense意为“强烈的,剧烈的”;bulky意为“庞大的;粗壮的”。
17. c) 【句意】当然,大多数移民不是一夜之间就发财的,但是他们大多最终改善了自己的生活水平。以下”;majority意为“大数”;minimum意为“最低限度,最低点”。
18. a) 【句意】南希对他们的离婚表示十分惊讶,因为他们似乎是一对快乐的夫妇。
【难点】split up意为“分裂,离婚”;break down意为“(精神方面)垮掉;(健康)变得衰弱;崩溃”;fall through意为“失败;成为泡影”;knock out意为“使筋疲力尽”。
19. b) 【句意】这片海滩所处位置理想,吸引了很多游客。
【难点】condition意为“状况;形势”;situation意为“位置,地点,环境”;state意为“状态,情形”;publicity意为“公众的注意,名声”。
20. d) 【句意】我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说,到60岁的时候,多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力和50%的味觉能力。
【难点】sensible意为“明智的,合情理的”;senseless意为“失去知觉的,不省人事的”;sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensory意为“感觉的,传递感觉的”。
21. b) 【句意】他们的大孩子被彻底宠坏了,因为他要什么,他们就给什么。
【难点】waste意为“使衰弱;使消瘦”;spoil意为“宠坏,溺爱”;destroy意为“破坏;毁灭”;uneducated意为“未受(良好)教育的”。
22. c) 【句意】如果一种物质溶解在水里或被加热,它可能释放出一种气体。
【难点】give into为非固定搭配;give over意为“托付,交托”;giveoff意为“散发”;give away意为“送掉,分发(奖品)等”。
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