questions 1-6
a five-member commission is being set up to settle labor disputes.
it must be composed of two representatives of management, two representatives of labor, and one independent specialist in labor relations.
the management representatives must be chosen from among m, n, and o.
the labor representatives must be chosen from among p, r, and s.
either j or k must be chosen as the independent specialist.
p cannot serve together with s.
o cannot serve together with p.
n cannot serve unless k serves at the same time.
1. which of the following is a list of people who can serve together on the commission?
(a) j, m, n, r, s
(b) j, n, o, r, s
(c) k, m, n, p, r
(d) k, m, n, p, s
(e) k, n, o, p, r
2. which of the following persons must be chosen to serve on the commission?
(a) j
(b) m
(c) n
(d) p
(e) r
3. if p and r are chosen to be the labor representatives, which of the following statements must be true?
ⅰ k is chosen to serve on the commission.
ⅱ both m and n are chosen to represent management.
ⅲ j is chosen to serve on the commission.
(a) ⅰ only
(b) ⅱ only
(c) ⅲ only
(d) ⅰand ⅱ only
(e) ⅱ and ⅲ only
4. which of the following is a list of four persons who can be chosen to serve together on the commission if j has been chosen?
(a) m, n, p, r
(b) m, n, r, s
(c) m, o, p, r.
(d) m, o, r, s
(e) n, o, r, s
5. if n, r, and s have been chosen as three members of the commission, which of the following statements about the remaining two members of the commission is accurate?
(a) m and o are the only pair who can be chosen to complete the group.
(b) k and o are the only pair who can be chosen to complete the group.
(c) k and m are the only pair who can be chosen to complete the group.
(d) both the pair m and o and the pair k and o are possible choices for completing the group.
(e) both the pair k and m and the pair k and o are possible choices for completing the group.
6. if j must be chose to serve on the commission, which of the following persons cannot be chosen to serve on the commission?
(a) m
(b) o
(c) p
(d) r
(e) s
7. if the laws of biology are ultimately based on the laws of physics and chemistry, then the laws of biology hold for living organisms wherever they may be found in the galaxy and the universe.
the conclusion above logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
(a) the science of biology is not as precise as the sciences of physics and chemistry.
(b) the sciences of biology, physics, and chemistry are ultimately a single science.
(c) the laws of physics and chemistry explain a narrower range of phenomena than do the laws of biology.
(d) the laws of physics and chemistry hold throughout the universe.
(e) a scientific law is necessarily universal.
8. hittite tablets corroborate many of the descriptions of ancient life that appear in the iliad and even list greek cities that reportedly sent ships to troy. what this means is that the iliad is not creative literature, as is commonly believed, and hence not a matter for literary discussion. it is history and should be examined by historical science.
the author of the passage above makes which of the following assumptions?
ⅰ. a work cannot be classified as creative literature if that work records historical fact.
ⅱ. the hittite tablets record actual events rather than legends.
ⅲ. cities and events mentioned in the iliad but not in the tablets are fictitious.
(a) ⅰ only
(b) ⅱ only
(c) ⅲ only
(d) ⅰand ⅱ only
(e) ⅱand ⅲ only
9. it has been argued that the consumer has benefited from agricultural technology in the united states. consumers are spending, on the average, a decreasing proportion of their income on food. but the demand for food, especially in prosperous countries, is virtually insensitive to income, so that as real incomes rise, the amount spent of food becomes a smaller proportion of expenditure. therefore, in order to judge whether consumers have really benefited from agricultural technology, it is necessary to know whether ____________.
which of the following is the most logical completion of the passage above?
(a) incomes will continue to rise
(b) the proportion of income spent on food has declined more sharply than rises in real income warrant
(c) technological costs constitute a substantial portion of the cost of food production
(d) the quantity of food produced by american farmers has increased
(e) consumers will increase the proportion of their income spent on foot as food prices rise
questions 10-15
four couples, the bascos, the jeffersons, the pardas, and the roberts, are learning a new dance. the dancers must perform this dance in pairs. at the beginning of the dance, each of the married couples is such a pair, but there are three calls for partner changes-calls x, y, and z-with the following results:
when call x is made, mr. basco and mr. parda exchange partners.
when call y is made, mrs. roberts and mrs. jefferson exchange partners.
when call z is make, mr. jefferson and mr. parda exchange partners.
when more than one call is made, each change of partners is based on the arrangement of partners produced by the preceding call. *
10. if, since beginning of the dance, there has been one partner change, made in response to call x, which of the following must be a pair of partners?
(a) mr. basco and mrs. parda
(b) mr. basco and mrs. roberts
(c) mr. jefferson and mrs. parda
(d) mr. jefferson and mrs. basco
(e) mr. roberts and mrs. jefferson
11. if, after the first two calls of the dance, each dancer is again partnered with his or her own spouse, the calls made could have been
(a) x followed by y
(b) z followed by x
(c) x followed by x, or y followed by y, or z followed by z
(d) x followed by x, or y followed by y, but not z followed by z
(e) x followed by x, or z followed by z, but not y followed by y
12. if, since the beginning of the dance, two partner changes have been made, the first in response to call x and the second in response to call y, which of the following must be true?
(a) mrs. basco is partnered with mr. roberts.
(b) mrs. jefferson is partnered with mr. jefferson.
(c) mr. parda is partnered with mrs. roberts.
(d) only two of the women are partnered with their husbands.
(e) no man is partnered with his wife.
13. if mr. basco is partnered with mrs. basco after the first two calls of the dance, and if the second call was y, which of the following is true of the first call?
(a) it must have been x.
(b) it must have been y.
(c) it must have been z
(d) it could have been any of the three calls except x.
(e) it could have been any of the three calls except z.
14. if mr. jefferson is partnered with mrs. basco after the first two calls of the dance, and if the second call was z, which of the following is true of the first call?
(a) it must have been x.
(b) it must have been y.
(c) it must have been z.
(d) it could have been any of the three calls except y.
(e) it could have been any of the three calls except z.
15. if the dance begins with the three calls z, x, and y, in the order given, it must be true that after the third call.
(a) mr. parda partners mrs. jefferson
(b) mr. parda partners mrs. roberts
(c) mr. basco partners mrs. basco
(d) mr. basco partners mrs. jefferson
(e) mr. basco partners mrs. roberts
questions 16-19
four players-w, x, y, and z-play a series of games. in each game the four form two pairs that play against one another; one pair wins and one pair loses.
when a pair wins or loses a game, both players are credited with the win or the loss.
games are played in a series in which partners are changed with each game until all possible combinations of partners have played. the series begins again repeating the combinations of partners in the same order.
16. which of the following is a possible sequence of partners for w?
(a) x, z, y, x, y, z
(b) y, x, z, x, z,y
(c) y, z, x, y, z, x
(d) z, x, y, z, y, x
(e) z, y, x, y, x, z
17. in order that all possible combinations of partners play one game each, how many games must be played?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
(e) 8
18. if each player has won at least one game, what is the minimum number of games that must have been played?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5
19. at the end of the third game in the first series, which of the following must be true?
(a) there is a player who has won two games and lost one game.
(b) there is a player who has won all three games.
(c) there is a player who has lost two or more games.
(d) there are three players who have lost exactly one game each.
(e) there are three players who have won exactly two games each.
questions 20-22
a company owns exactly five delivery vans designated k, l, m, n, and o. at the end of the day, each of the vans must be parked in one of three parking lanes numbered 1, 2, and 3, which are each wide enough for just one van and long enough for all five vans. in lane 1, only vans k and l can be parked, but neither of these vans has to be parked in that lane.
n is always parked earlier than o is parked. when parking a van, each driver enters one of the parking lanes from the rear and parks in the front most available position.
no driver parks behind any more of the other vans than he has to at the time.
20. which of the following could be the parking pattern after all vans have been parked?
(a) k in lane 1; first l, then m, the o in lane 2; n in lane 3
(b) k in front of l in lane 1; no van in lane 2; first m, then n, then o in lane 3
(c) k in front of l in lane 1; m in lane 2; o in front of n in lane 3
(d) k in front of n in lane 1; l in lane 2; m in front of o in lane 3
(e) l in front of k in lane 1; n in front of o in lane 2; m in lane 3
21. each of the following could be true after all of the vans have been parked except:
(a) k is the only van parked in lane 2.
(b) l is the only van parked in lane 1.
(c) l and o are both parked in lane 3.
(d) m and n are both parked in lane 2.
(e) m and o are parked in different lanes.
22. if all five of the vans are parked, but none of them in lane 1, which of the following must be true?
(a) k was parked earlier than l was.
(b) n was parked earlier than m was.
(c) o was the last van to be parked.
(d) k and l were the first two vans to be parked.
(e) m and o were the last two vans to be parked.
23. recent data from the center for disease control indicate a decline in the reported instances of disease q. this decline is surprising, because it follows a period in which the formerly obscure q received a great deal of publicity in the news media.
which of the following, if assumed by the author to be true, would provide the most logical explanation of the author's surprise at the reported decline?
(a) increased public awareness of a disease usually stimulates efforts to eradicate the disease.
(b) increased public awareness of a disease usually leads to an increase in reported instances of the disease.
(c) an obscure disease may sometimes receive a great deal of publicity even though doctors have begun to suspect that the disease no longer exists.
(d) the center for disease control typically concerns itself only with diseases that are of public importance.
(e) it is unusual for the reported instances of a disease to decline sharply after a long period of stability.
24. to produce a pound of protein, herbivorous sea creatures such as abalones require relatively little plant food, whereas carnivores such as tuna feed on herbivores and thus require the conversion of thousands of pounds of plant food. hence it would be better for ecological balance if people ate abalone instead of tuna.
which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the argument above?
(a) abalone costs much more per pound than tuna does.
(b) tuna is much easier to harvest than abalone is.
(c) abalones mature so slowly that meeting market demands would exhaust the stock .
(d) human beings would require the same amount of protein from either abalone or tuna.
(e) the average specimen of abalone is much smaller than the average specimen of tuna.
25.in an attempt to reverse the deterioration of the postal service in at least some respects, the government has raised the price of postage stamps. this effort will be effective since reducing the number of persons using the postal system should result in a corresponding reduction in the percentage of letter lost.
the author of the passage above makes which of the following assumptions?
ⅰ. fewer people will buy postage stamps if they are more expensive.
ⅱ. the percentage of letters lost by the postal service has been evidence of the deterioration of the postal system.
ⅲ. the government will improve the efficiency of the postal service with revenues from higher priced stamps.
(a) ⅰonly
(b) ⅱ only
(c) ⅲ only
(d) ⅰand ⅱ only
(e) ⅰand ⅲ only